ABSTRACT
Há um padrão de beleza hegemônico que circula pela sociedade, afetando a identidade das pessoas. Entretanto, os estudos sobre o tema giram em torno dos adultos. Com isso, é necessário investigar as percepções das crianças acerca dos padrões de beleza, enfatizando suas práticas e falas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória com 50 crianças (4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 anos), utilizando-se do Método Clínico (Jean Piaget), o qual permite uma investigação profunda. Os participantes foram solicitados a fazer um desenho, ver fotografias e responder a questões relacionadas a padrões de beleza. Notou-se que as crianças têm ideias próprias sobre a beleza e a feiura e que alteram essas percepções de acordo com a idade. Observou-se que os padrões e práticas culturais têm grande influência sobre as crianças, as quais são afetadas pelas mídias, construindo seus discursos através de vivências e aprendizados, tanto da família quanto da escola.
Hay un patrón de belleza hegemónico que circula por la sociedad, afectando la identidad de las personas. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre el tema giran alrededor de los adultos. Con eso, es necesario investigar las percepciones de los niños acerca de los patrones de belleza, enfatizando sus prácticas y hablas. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria con 50 niños (4, 6, 8, 10 y 12 años), se utilizó o Método Clínico (Jean Piaget), el cual permite una investigación profundizada. Se solicitó a los participantes a hacer un dibujo, mirar fotografías y contestar a cuestiones relacionadas a patrones de belleza. Se percibió que los niños tienen ideas propias sobre la belleza y la fealdad y que cambian esas percepciones de acuerdo con la edad. Se observó que los patrones y prácticas culturales tienen gran influencia sobre los niños, los cuales son afectadas por las medias, construyendo sus discursos por intermedio de vivencias y aprendizajes, de la familia y de la escuela.
The hegemonic beauty pattern, which circulates throughout society, affects people's identity. However, studies on the subject revolve around adults. Thus, it is necessary to investigate children's perceptions of beauty standards, emphasizing their practices and speech. A qualitative and exploratory research was conducted with 50 children (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years), using the Clinical Method (Jean Piaget), which allows a thorough investigation. Participants had asked to draw, view photographs and answer questions related to beauty standards. It has been noted that children have their own ideas about beauty and ugliness and that they change these perceptions according to age. It was observed that cultural patterns and practices have great influence on children, which are affected by the media, building their discourses through experiences and learning, both inside the family and school.
Subject(s)
Reference Standards , Beauty , Family , Cultural CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the understanding of the concept of consciousness in Piaget. The theme of consciousness is a key concept in Piaget's theory and he is one of the few psychologists to offer a theoretical structure for the understanding of this theme. Notwithstanding, his proposal for understanding consciousness has been little approached or discussed. Grasp of consciousness, for Piaget, can be understood as the cognitive process of assimilating one's own functioning or that of the other when interacting with physical objects, people, and oneself. The process of constructing grasp of consciousness is explained by meaningful implication, reflecting abstraction, and equilibration. The dialectics between body and mind and between causality and implication pervade the discussions on consciousness in Piaget's work. Consensus is not found in the literature with regard to Piaget's conception of consciousness in virtue of this theme being dealt with at different times in his works with slightly distinct approaches. His works following the 1960s offer new possibilities of understanding the concept of consciousness. Although Piaget moved on in his formulations about consciousness, the essence of his ideas can already be found in his early works.